Proper cargo securing in freight containers is a critical issue in the global shipping industry. According to TT Club, approximately 65% of cargo damage claims can be attributed to poor packing practices. This contributes to an estimated $6 billion in annual losses worldwide. Beyond the direct financial impact, inadequate cargo securing can lead to hidden costs such as business interruption, rework and reshipment expenses, property damage, and potential injuries or loss of life.

The severity of this issue is further highlighted by alarming statistics, such as the occurrence of one ship fire every 10 days on average. These incidents underscore the urgent need for improved cargo securing practices across the industry.

Common challenges and best practices

Freight containers, despite their sturdy appearance, have limitations that must be considered when securing cargo. Container walls are typically only 2mm thick, while the floor is approximately 28mm thick. Lashing points within containers also have specific weight limitations that must be adhered to for safe transport.

Different types of cargo present unique challenges and require specialised securing methods:

1. Steel coils: Require proper weight distribution and strong lashings to prevent movement.
2. Vehicles: Need careful securing to prevent damage during transit.
3. Moisture-sensitive goods: Require proper use of desiccants to control humidity.
4. Drums and kegs: Must be secured to prevent toppling and potential leakage.
5. Machinery: Often has a high centre of gravity and needs robust securing methods.
6. Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs): Require special attention to prevent shifting and rupturing.

Best practices for cargo securing include:

• Understanding container specifications and limitations
• Proper use of securing equipment, avoiding knots and using appropriate edge protection
• Correct application of friction and direct lashings
• Accurate calculation and positioning of desiccants for moisture control
• Ensuring proper weight distribution, following the 60/40 rule
• Considering the centre of gravity when loading cargo

Industry regulations and training

The container transport industry is guided by two primary sets of regulations:

1. The CTU Code: Endorsed by IMO, ILO, and UNECE in 2014, this code provides comprehensive guidance on cargo packing and securing. A Quick Guide version is available for easy reference.
2. The IMDG Code: Specifically regulates the transport of dangerous goods by sea and cross-references the CTU Code for securing requirements.

Both codes emphasise the importance of proper training for personnel involved in cargo packing and securing. While training requirements vary by country, with some making it mandatory, industry leaders like Cordstrap offer tailored training programs to improve practices across the sector.

Conclusion

Proper cargo securing is crucial for ensuring safety, reducing financial losses, and maintaining efficiency in global supply chains. By adhering to industry guidelines, utilising appropriate securing methods, and investing in training, stakeholders can significantly mitigate risks associated with cargo transportation in freight containers. As the industry continues to evolve, staying informed about best practices and regulations will be key to improving overall cargo security and reducing incidents during transportation.